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Clinical publications and independent scientific citations

This reference separates publications reporting Unicirc clinical use from independent reviews, evidence syntheses and authoritative guidance that cite, evaluate or discuss Unicirc.

Click any orange publication title to open its source.

Clinical trials and publications reporting Unicirc use

  1. Rapid, minimally invasive adult voluntary male circumcision: a randomised trial of Unicirc, a novel disposable device
    Millard PS, Wilson HR, Goldstuck ND, Anaso C. South African Medical Journal. 2014;104(1):52-57. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.7357.
  1. No-Needle, Single-Visit Adult Male Circumcision with Unicirc: A Multi-Centre Field Trial
    Millard PS, Goldstuck ND. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0121686. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121686.
  1. Sutureless Adult Voluntary Male Circumcision with Topical Anesthetic: A Randomized Field Trial of Unicirc, a Single-Use Surgical Instrument
    Shenje J, Millard PS. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0157065. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157065.
  1. Minimally invasive, sutureless, adolescent male circumcision with topical anesthetic: a field trial of Unicirc, a single-use surgical instrument
    Millard PS, Goldstuck ND. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2020;9(2):516-522. DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.12.16.
  1. Male Medical Circumcision for the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Nurses Using the Unicirc Assist Device
    Goldstuck ND. Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine. 2023;6(4):579-584. DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280120.
  1. Cohort study of the implementation of a Unicirc circumcision training program in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    Millard PS, Khumalo BE. African Journal of Urology. 2025;31:47. DOI: 10.1186/s12301-025-00519-5.
  1. Voluntary male medical circumcision of pre-school-aged boys in primary care
    Millard PS, Goldstuck ND. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2025.

Independent citations, reviews and authoritative mentions of Unicirc

The sources below are independent of the clinical-publication list above. They cite, classify, review or evaluate Unicirc and the evidence supporting its use.

World Health Organization

  1. WHO 2020 guideline: Preventing HIV through safe voluntary medical male circumcision for adolescent boys and men in generalized HIV epidemics

World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO; 2020. ISBN 978-92-4-000854-0.

Unicirc is named as the surgical-assist device included in the evidence considered for the updated recommendation (printed p. 54; PDF p. 74). WHO discusses adolescent preference for Unicirc (printed p. 63; PDF p. 83), gives a dedicated evaluation of Unicirc as a single-use surgical-assist device (printed pp. 65-67; PDF pp. 85-87), and lists the supporting Unicirc studies as references 286-289 (printed p. 134; PDF p. 154).

  1. WHO evidence tables on safety and acceptability of male circumcision devices

World Health Organization. Web Annex to the 2020 VMMC guideline.

The evidence tables identify Unicirc versions and summarize study design, adverse events, procedure time, pain, healing, satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes.

Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and professional reviews

  1. The characteristics of circular disposable devices and in situ devices for optimizing male circumcision: a network meta-analysis

Fan Y, Cao D, Wei Q, et al. Scientific Reports. 2016;6:25514. DOI: 10.1038/srep25514.

The review expressly classifies Unicirc as a circular disposable device and incorporates Unicirc evidence in its comparison with conventional and in-situ techniques.

  1. Novel Devices for Adolescent and Adult Male Circumcision

Al Hussein Alawamlh O, Kim SJ, Li PS, Lee RK. European Urology Focus. 2018;4(3):329-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.06.015.

This professional review discusses Unicirc alongside PrePex and ShangRing as a novel device for adolescent and adult circumcision.

  1. Circumcision devices versus standard surgical techniques in adolescent and adult male circumcisions

Hohlfeld A, Ebrahim S, Shaik MZ, Kredo T. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021;3:CD012250. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012250.pub2.

This independent Cochrane review includes the Unicirc randomised trial and its clinical-trial registration in the evidence base.

  1. Circumcision Clamps for Adults

IntechOpen book chapter. 2022. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106886.

This later clinical overview lists and discusses the Unicirc device in its review of adult circumcision clamps.

Clinical trial registry records

  1. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Open Surgical vs. Rapid, Minimally-Invasive Voluntary Adult Male Circumcision

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01877408.

Registry record for the randomised comparison associated with the early Unicirc evidence base.

  1. Rapid, Minimally-Invasive Voluntary Adult Male Circumcision: a Quasi-Experimental Study

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01998360.

Prospective registry record for evaluation of the minimally invasive Unicirc method.

  1. Unicirc Adolescent 12-15 Year Old Boys

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02593630.

This registry record is cited by WHO as reference 286 in the 2020 guideline.

Foundational scientific context preceding Unicirc trials

  1. Circumcision – what’s wrong with plastic rings?

Millard PS. South African Medical Journal. 2012;102(3 Pt 1):126-128. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.5419.

This article predates the published Unicirc trials. It provides the scientific and clinical rationale for a Gomco-type crushing mechanism with tissue-adhesive closure; it is described as foundational context.

Get in touch with Simunye Circumcision

If you’re considering circumcision for yourself or your child, we invite you to contact us. Our friendly and knowledgeable staff are here to answer your questions and guide you through every step of the process.